The Twins Study takes the initial step to establish a foundation and methodology to integrate scientists, research and data that may lead to personalized countermeasure packages to optimize the safety and performance of individual astronauts
- Research techniques used in personalized medicine (technologies such as genetic sequencing) are employed to discern individual responses to the spaceflight environment
- Research from the molecular level to whole body function to brain function is being integrated together into one, coordinated study

The Twins Study is a multi-faceted national cooperation between universities, corporations, and government laboratories
- 10 individual investigations
- 12 universities
- NASA biomedical laboratories
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute
The Twins Study was the first study of its kind to compare molecular profiles of identical twin astronauts with one in space and another on Earth
The Twins Study is a supplemental study built upon the framework of the One-Year Mission research investigations
The Twins Study explores space through you by using omics to look more closely at individual health
The Twins Study is a stepping stone towards long duration space exploration such as journeys to Mars
NASA’s Human Research Program will share a published summary of the results from

NASA Exploration Exercise Patch